Violation of blood pressure provokes failures of the whole organism. Despite the fact that this disease cannot be completely cured, the course of the disease can be made less noticeable and problematic for the patient.
Michen organs
Arterial hypertension is a chronic ailment that is associated with increased pressure inside the vascular walls. In this case, it is very important to distinguish between rare situations when a person increases the pressure, and the real manifestation of this disease. A one -time increase can occur for various reasons, and often does not repeat it soon. The cause may be the excitement of a person, hormonal malfunctions or injury.
Asking the question of what arterial hypertension is, it is necessary to deal with the term "hypertension". This is a temporary increase in blood pressure over 140/90. But hypertension in medicine is called a condition in which a person has stably high indicators. They rarely fall below these numbers on their own.
The negative side of this disease is that not only the cardiovascular system suffers from chronically high pressure. In medicine, there is such a thing as target organs. The essence of the problem is that constantly increased blood pressure has a negative effect on a number of organs - the heart, kidneys, brain and retina. The disease will negatively affect the whole body, but they suffer in the first place. Even the principle of classification of the disease depends on which body a negative effect was exerted on.
Stages of the disease
The disease has various forms that depend on what principle to classify. They can depend on origin, on the course and on the level of blood pressure. The easiest form of arterial hypertension is easiest, since patients can find out their pressure at home.
Like other ailments, the development of hypertension has several degrees that only aggravate without the necessary treatment. There are norms that help determine the stage of the disease. You can not draw conclusions after one or two measurements of a person’s pressure, since this approach can give incorrect indicators. If a person before this took certain drugs or there was an emotional surge, and no more emotions were bad or good, the indicators may change. This will not allow you to see the real picture of the patient’s health.
Do not confuse the high pressure, which is within the normal range, with how arterial hypertension is manifested. The pressure of 120/80 is considered normal for the human body, but the pressure can also be classified as 129/84. The pressure is considered to be increased up to 139/89, but it is not classified as a degree of hypertension. Hypertension is considered a pressure that exceeds 140/90.
Table 1. Degree of hypertension and pressure level
| The degree of arterial hypertension | Indicators |
|---|---|
| Norm | From 120/80 to 139/89 |
| 1 degree of hypertension | From 140/90 to 159/99 |
| 2 degree of hypertension | From 160/100 to 179/109 |
| 3 degree of hypertension | From 180/110 and above |
In addition to the definition of "hypertension" and the classification of the disease according to the degree of development, there is also a unit for primary and secondary hypertension. The primary develops as an independent pathology, and often other problems in the human body were not found in this case. If we are talking about secondary hypertension, then it becomes the result of existing diseases in the human body.
The first degree
It is considered to be a mild form of the disease, the indicators of blood pressure do not exceed 160/100, and attacks, mainly without serious consequences. Arterial hypertension of the 1st degree is characterized by spasmodic disorders that occur in the work of the heart. Exacerbation periods can hardly be called rare, but due to a small manifestation and chronic course of the disease, they are suffered by the patient quite easily. Exacerbation alternates with normal indicators, during this period the patient does not feel the symptoms of the disease.
In order to adequately assess the situation, it is necessary to conduct pressure measurements using a tonometer several times a day. Usually this is done three times a day in the absence of emotional bursts or other reasons that can affect a short -term change in blood pressure.
Arterial hypertension of the 1st degree has its own symptoms, which patients often can not perceive seriously. The disease can manifest itself with headache, rapid heartbeat or pain on the left side in the sternum. Often patients are confused by the fact that hypertension of the first degree is rarely characterized by symptoms.
But even a slight degree of hypertension can have its own complications, which are fraught with serious disorders in the human body. This:
- Brain microinfarcts;
- heart muscle hypertrophy;
- nephrosclerosis.
It is mistaken to assume that arterial hypertension of the 1st degree can pass without a trace if it is treated with medicines. It can be argued that a patient suffering from first degree hypertension has a risk of complications. Statistics indicate approximately 15% of such probability.
When the patient was diagnosed with hypertension of the 1st degree, the situation is as follows: high pressure can be triggered by narrowed gaps in the vessels, which leads to insufficient nutrition of body tissues. In the absence of a normal amount of nutrients and oxygen in cells, necrosis develops. Initially, this process is not noticeable, but over time, some organs in the patient’s body, and not just certain cells, may occur over time. The lack of treatment provokes ischemic stroke.
If the patient has high blood pressure, then even hypertension of the 1st degree gives a very high risk of developing heart problems.
The change of indicators in the larger direction gives an additional load on the heart, which, trying to push the blood through the narrow gaps of the vessels, is overwhelmed. Everyone knows that with additional load, the muscles begin to grow, this also happens with heart tissues. It may seem that hypertension of the 1st degree risk reduces the risk rather, because the heart can more effectively pump blood, but this is not entirely true. Cardiomyopathy can squeeze the vessels in close proximity, and even provoke death.
The second degree
In the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient will be at the level of up to 180/110 mm Hg. In this case, patients in patients are much larger than with hypertension of the 1st degree, the risk of complication at which occurs less often.
The second degree of hypertension is characterized by the fact that the pressure comes extremely rarely to normal, it can decrease and increase, but not reach the permissible limits. Typically, hypertension of the 1st degree has a risk of moving into the same disease of the 2nd degree, then it is possible to determine the appearance of benign or malignant arterial hypertension. To clarify what kind of arterial hypertension has, what it carries, and what risks arise helps the development of pathology.
In patients, vascular deficiency, pulsation in the head, hyperemia, problems with visuality of vision and hypertensive crises are added to the already familiar symptoms. The problem of the latter is that the pressure can dramatically change by 59 units, which negatively affects the patient's body. In the second degree of hypertension, complications are possible:
- brain thrombosis;
- aorta aneurysm;
- atherosclerosis;
- angina pectoris;
- Encephalopathy.
The peculiarity of this degree of development of hypertension is that the defeat of the target organs occurs. In patients with such a diagnosis, hemorrhages are possible in one of the organs. This is due to the fact that, on a later degree of arterial hypertension, blood vessels lose their former elasticity and can be much easier to collapse. There are also serious risks of the formation of blood clots on the walls of blood vessels, the lumen in which is already reduced.
Due to serious problems that may occur in the second degree of arterial hypertension, the patient may receive disability. Most often they give 3 groups. But this does not mean that it is enough for the patient to measure his pressure several times and show that it exceeds the permissible norm.
The commission takes into account the complications that arose against the background of this disease, collects information about hypertension, as well as about the working conditions of the patient - only after that we can talk about receiving a cash benefit.
The paradox of the situation is that some patients try to get this help at the first symptoms, while others, on the contrary, hide their disease. Most often this is done by employees who can be fired due to working conditions that will rely on after this (more sick leave, an increase in annual leave). But we must not forget that in the second degree of hypertension an additional load may have serious consequences that will rapidly aggravate the disease.
It is worth noting a special case that is possible in the second degree of arterial hypertension. When it comes to malignant pathology, the commission may assign 2 disability group. Men over 60 years old, women over 55, as well as patients who have irreversible defects found disability for life. This means that there will be no need to pass the commission annually to confirm the status.
The third degree
By pressure of a person, the degree of disease can be determined. When the indicators begin to reach extremely high rates - from 180/110 mm Hg, the patient is diagnosed with a third, severe degree of hypertension. In this case, the complications are very serious, most of them, with the untimely provision of medical care, can lead to death. It can be a stroke, heart asthma, myocardial infarction, renal failure and other diseases.
Assessing the seriousness of this degree, patients are assigned 1 group of disability. Assessing the degree of risk of the development of diseases, the patient must take rehabilitation without fail. There is no need to talk about the treatment of this degree, but this approach will help to avoid premature death.
There is a concept of hypertension of the fourth degree. In this case, it is quite difficult for a person to help, because he is practically on the verge of death. Medicines help alleviate the symptoms and sharply reduce the level of pressure. Hypertonic crises are pronounced and very frequent.
The degree of risk
Typically, when diagnosing the patient, the degree of disease and risk is indicated. This indicator can affect age, gender, obesity, bad habits and other factors.
There are four degrees of risk. The most optimal hypertension of the 1st degree risk 1 is considered, the probability of developing side diseases is low, is less than 15%. Arterial hypertension of the 1st degree (risk 2) is one of the most popular diagnoses. This is due to the fact that few patients lead such a lifestyle that would not in any way complicate the disease. When arterial hypertension of the 1st degree is diagnosed (risk 2), the probability of complications ranges from 15% to 20%.
The risk of 3 degrees is 20-30% probability of the development of diseases. It is called high. There are also 4 degrees when the probability of developing pathologies exceeds 30%. All forecasts of the degree of risk are calculated for the next 10 years in the absence of changes in the lifestyle of the patient.
Depending on the lesion of the patient’s internal organs, doctors indicate the stages and degree of hypertension due to indicators. It is the stage of the disease that determines which organs were damaged.
The 1st stage of the disease, in fact, has no indicators, because only an increase in pressure occurs, and the human organs are not damaged. With hypertension of the 1st stage, the patient will have optimistic forecasts for the future.
At 2 stages of the disease, the first signs of vessel narrowing are found, plaques appear, and creatinine in blood plasma increases. All changes taking place in the internal organs usually have no serious changes, and with proper treatment, complications can be prevented.
Unlike the 2nd stage, the third is characterized by specific diseases, and not just partial changes. This is pronounced arterial hypertension, which means that in patients, the risk of transferring myocardial infarction, stroke, the appearance of cardiac and renal failure and other characteristic diseases increases several times.
Features of the disease
Arterial hypertension is common all over the world, and it is most common in highly developed countries. First of all, this is due to the fact that active life implies communication with a large number of people, and this entails different emotions, both bad and good, which leads to constant pressure surges.
For many, it is not even difficult to answer the question of what it is? The prevalence of the disease makes it possible to call this pathology a plague of the 21st century. There is such a thing as arterial hypertension syndrome, it is chronic vascular deficiency, the same hypertension. It is the violations in the work of the vessels that provoke arterial hypertension syndrome.
Gestational arterial hypertension is extremely negative for a woman. The appearance of this pathology is associated with pregnancy, a woman during this period is contraindicated in taking most drugs.
At the same time, the lack of treatment can have extremely negative consequences. Statistics show that gestational arterial hypertension is the cause of about a third of cases of the fatal outcome of the mother during childbirth, and it can also provoke the death of the fetus or premature birth.
In addition to the fact that the patient should know the symptoms of hypertension, and what it is, it is necessary to contact the hospital in time, because treating the disease is much easier at the first stage. It is necessary to consult with the attending physician about increasing the dose or involving other drugs. Self -medication can aggravate the disease.